Neuronal Intestinal Dysplasia & acetylcholinesterase stain
/Neuronal intestinal dysplasia (NID), described in 1971, is a poorly understood colonic motility disorder of neuronal structure in the bowel wall. NID is characterized by several histochemical and pathological findings such as -1 Hyperplasia of submucous and myenteric plexus with formation of giant ganglia -2 Isolated ganglion cells in the mucosal lamina propia and between […]
Zinc
Normal range: 10.7-18.4 mmol/L Comment: Effect on growth, development, weight loss, immune function, and CNS Sample: serum
Ziehl Neelsen stain for AFB
Used mainly for the detection of mycobacterium sp. Smears maybe negative even with positive cultures. Usually tested in conjunction with AFB culture or by PCR
ZAP-70
Part of the essential work up for cases with CLL/SLL is performing ZAP-70 immunostaining. Expression of this marker indicate a poor outcome in such a relatively indolent tumor and requires more aggressive therapy Sample: bone marrow aspirate or biopsy
Yersinia enterocolitica, IgG
Normal range: Negative Comment: it causes diarrhea and inflammation of distal ileum Sample: Serum
Xylose Tolerance Test
:Normal range Adult, 1 hr (dose, 25 g): ³ 25 Adult with intermediate renal insufficiency, 1 hr (dose, 25 g): ³20 Pediatric < 12y, 1 h (dose, 5 g): ³20 Comment: Used for malabsorption. Normal renal function essential to perform the test Sample: Serum
Widal test
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West Nile virus
It is becoming increasingly recognized as a lethal virus if not properly treated. It should be suspected in any patient with fever with muscle weakness, or symptoms of encephalitis Sample: serum
(Vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D3
Normal range: 8.9-46.7 ng/ mL Comment: Decreased: nutrional deficiency, liver disease, malabsorption, low sun exposure, nephrotic syndrome. Hypoparathryoid Increased: hyperparathryoid, sarcoidosis, type II vit.D dependent rickets Sample: Serum, fasting & separate in glass tube
(Vitamin D (1.25-(OH) 2 vitamin D3
Normal range: 15-60 ng/mL Comment: 1,25OH vitamin D is particularly useful in evaluating patients with hypercalcemia due to extrarenal conversion of 25OH vitamin D to 1,25OH vitamin Somewhere spray smooth a cheap canadian pharmacy backpack the made my. D (calcitriol). Such a situation occurs in sarcoidosis, cat-scratch disease, and certain Mega Moolah er ratoff!Mega Joker […]