Normal range: up to 0.70 Index Comment: Multiple sclerosis is relapsing and remiting demyelinating disease of the central nervous system for which there are no specific diagnostic laboratory tests. About 50% of multiple sclerosis patients have elevated CSF protein levels and about 75% have increased gamma globulin. Several tests have been devised to determine if… Read More: (CSF Index (IgG/ Albumin »
Normal range: CSF IgG: 3% to 12% of total CSF protein. IgG in CSF is normally < 5 mg/dL Comment: To assist in the interpretation of elevated CSF protein. Differential diagnosis of intrathecal synthesis of IgG from increased meningeal and vascular permeability, haemorrhage or traumatic tap. A raised CSF/serum protein ratio may occur in multiple… Read More: CSF IgG »
:Normal range Colour : colourless Appearance : clear Glucose : 45-80 mg/dl Protein : 15-45 mg/dl Choride : 120-130 mmol/L RBC : Up to 5×106/L WBC : Up to5x106/L In case of WBC/CSF more than 5×106/L then do differential count Comment: Apperance of CSF may indicate cerebral heamrrhage or gross infection.… Read More: (.CSF analysis (glucose, TP, Cl, cell count & diff »
Useful for diarrhea invsetigation in immunocompromized hosts Sample: Stool
Useful in urine and CSF testing in imunocompromized patients Sample: urine or CSF
Normal range: Negative Comment: Cryoglobulins may occur in all conditions associated with paraproteinaemia (heavy chain disease excepted).May give rise to Raynaud’s phenomenon if they precipitate at temperatures above 22oC Sample: Serum clotted at 37oC
:Normal range (M: 1-2 g/24hrs (8.8-17.7 mmol/24 hrs (F : 0.8-1.8 g/24 hrs (7-16 mmol/24 hrs Comment: Normally very constant for individual concerned. Of little diagnostic value except for the calculation of creatinine clearance Sample: 24hr urine
:Normal range Child: 50-90 mL/min M : 98-156 mL/ min F : 95-160 mL/ min Comment: Used to evaluate renal function, estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), follow possible progression of renal disease and adjust dosages of medications in which renal excretion is pivotal (e.g: aminoglycosides, methotrexate, cisplatin). Values of creatinine clearance are raised in… Read More: Creatinine clearance »
:Normal range (M: 0.7-1.36 mg/dL (62-120 mmol/L (F : 0.6-1.13 mg/dL (53-100 mmol/L Comment: Raised in renal failure. A more sensitive indicator of early failure than blood urea. Of especial value for monitoring after renal transplant . Low values may accompany reduced muscle mass or low protein diet Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative Comment: The majority of infections with Coxsackie A and B, two groups of nonpolio enteroviruses, are mildly symptomatic. Patients with Coxsackievirus infections can have a variety of symptoms from meningitis, exanthems, pericarditis, myocarditis, hand-foot and moth syndrome and conjunctivitis. Other nonpolio viruses include echoviruses. Twenty-three Coxsackie viruses group A are recognized and… Read More: (Coxsackie A, B (IgG/IgM »