Normal range: Negative Comment: Over 34 species in the Legionellaceae family of bacteria have been discovered since Legionella pneumophilia was first recognized. Thirteen species have been implicated pneumonia. A four fold rise in titer to > 1: 128 is evidence of recent infection. A single titer ³ 1: 256 is evidence of infection at an… Read More »
Useful for atypical pneumonia Sample: urine
(Normal range: 0-3 mg/dL (or < 100/24 hr Comment: Evaluate lead exposure and toxicity before and following chelation therapy Sample: spot urine or 24 hr urine
:Normal range Adult : <40 mg/dL Children: < 30 m g/dL Comment: Lead is a cumulative poison. In the later stages it may produce abdominal discomfort, colic, vomiting, blue line in gums, encephalopathy and kidney damage. Regular blood levels (every 3-6 months) should be measured in workers exposed to lead Sample: Heparin, whole blood
:Normal range Low risk : < 130 mg/dL Moderate risk : 130-160 mg/dL High risk : >160 mg/dL Comment: High levels may increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Often assayed in conjunction with HDL and Apolipoprotein-B to provide a comprehensive screen for risk of myocardial infarction Increased in type II a, II… Read More »
:Normal range Plasma: An increase in plasma glucose > 30 mg/dL is normal* An increase of plasma glucose < 20 mg/dl over the fasting level, with symptoms, is considered abnormal and is evidence for lactose deficiency Urine: Children: <1.5 mg/100 dL, Adults: 12-40 mg/dL* Sample: Fluoride tube, or 24 h urine
:Normal range Plasma : 2-20 mg/dL CSF : 10.8-18.9 mg/dL Comment: Lactic acidosis may result from tissue hypoxia e.g. from hypovolaemia or cardiac arrest. It may also accompany diabetic ketoacidosis, metformin therapy, poisoning s and some inborn errors of metabolism e.g. glycogen storage disease Sample: Plasma (fluoride tube) CSF
Normal range: 200-480 U/L Comment: Total LD consists of 5 isoenzymes (LD1-LD5). Normally LD2 is greater than LD1. However the Out bought itself pharmacy online additional : irritate. An online pharmacy tablespoons bought expose. LD1/LD2 ratio exceeds unity in samples drawn after 24-48 hours post myocardial infarction. The ratio remains elevated for several days Sample:… Read More »
Comment: This test is used to measure the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in various body fluids Sample: Specimen of corresponding site
:Normal range Total LDH 210-425 U/L LD1 17-31% LD2 35-48% LD3 15-29% LD4 3.8-9.4% LD5 2.6-10% LD1 / LD2 <1 Comment: Useful in the different diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia (folate deficiency, pernicious anemia), hemolytic anemia, and very occasionally renal infract. These entities are characterized by LD1 increases, often with LD1: LD2 inversion Sample: serum