Normal range: Negative
Comment: Detect specific RSV antibody in patients suspected of having RSV. In a primary infection, RSV-specific IgM appears after 5-8 days and persists for several weeks. Detectable increases in RSV- specific IgG anti body titers occur 2-4 weeks after symptomatic infections. Thus, during an acute infection, serology is less sensitive than direct antigen detection or cell culture method
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Faecal reducing substances test is used in the diagnosis of disaccharides deficiency in infants with persistent diarrhea
Sample: Stool
Normal range: Negative
Comment: RPR is a screening test for syphilis and detects antibodies to cardiolipin, cholesterol, and lecithin, also called reagin. Such antibodies usually develop after 4-6 weeks of initial infection, peak during the secondary phase of disease, and then decrease with time. They also decrease and usually disappear with treatment
Sample: serum
Comment: The AFP, BHCG, uE3, & Inhibin A (quadruple test) is a screen used to help predict the risk of certain birth defects including Down syndrome and neural tube defects (NTD’s). The quadruple screen may pick up more at-risk patients than the double screen (AFP/hCG) or the triple screen (AFP/hCg/uE3) and has higher sensitivity than either one
Sample: Serum, LMP, age, weight, birth date, number of embryos
Comment: The major roles of biochemical markers of bone remodeling are as monitors of response to therapy. These markers can also be used to evaluate bone resorption (eg, in osteopenia, osteoporosis); identify patients at high risk of fracture; assess patients with carcinoma as markers of bone metastasis as well as indicators of response to therapy
Sample: Urine, early morning sample
Normal range: 13-54 pg/mL
Comment: Intact parathyroid hormone is more stable in EDTA plasma than in serum. Increased in hyperparathyrodism. Level usually low in non-hyperparathyroid causes of hypercalcaemia
Sample: EDTA tube or Serum, fasting, under ice
:Comment
probably neoplastic <15%
Borderline 15%-25%
Probably Hyperplasia >25%
Normal range: 12-16 seconds
INR normal value: 1
INR therapeutic range: 2-3
Comment: Prothrombin time is prolonged by oral anticoagulant therapy, liver disease, malabsorption, DIC and congenital Factor II, V, VII, and X deficiencies. Results are reported as INR for oral anticoagulant control, an INR of between 2.0 and 4.0 is recommended, depending on the clinical condition
Sample: Citrated plasma
Normal range: 6.2-8.0 g/dL
Comment: Increased in hyperimmunoglobulinemia (polyclonal or monoclonal gammopathies). Also raised in dehydration and paraproteinemia. Decreased in nephrotic syndrome, severe liver disease, acute burns, malabsorption syndrome, malnutrition and hypogammaglobulinemia
Sample: Serum
Normal range: Up to 100 mg/24 hr
Comment: Proteinuria is present in glomerular or tubular disease. Massive proteinuria indicates that the disease is of glomerular origin. Also increased in nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, myeloma kidney, multiple myeloma
Sample: 24hr urine
Protein, body fluids
:Normal range
Transudates : <2.0 g/dL
Exudates : >2.0 g/dL
Comment:Testing is done to determine whether a fluid is a transudate or an exudate
Sample: Body fluids