:Normal range Free: 80-120 % of normal plasma activity Total 13-21 mg/L Comment: Protein S is synthesized in the liver, it enhances the anticoagulant action of activated protein C as a cofactor. In normal human plasma, protein S exists in two forms: free (about 40%) and bound to CC4b-BP (about 60%). Only the free form… Read More: Protein S, free & total »
Normal range: No M-band detected Comment: Useful in monitoring patients with nephrotic syndrome and multiple myeloma Sample: 24 hrs spot urine
:Normal range Total protein : 66-87 g/L Albumin : 35-87 g/L a1 Globulin : 2-4 g/L a2 Globulin : 3-9 g/L b Globulin : 4-10 g/L g Globulin : 6-17 g/L Total globulin : 20-35 g/L A/G Ratio : 1.1-2.2 g/L Comment: Albumin: see albumin, serum. a 1-globulin: Includes a 1-antitrypsin, a 1… Read More: (Protein Electrophoresis (serum »
:Normal range Total protein : 150-450 mg/L Pre Albumin : 2.2-7.1% Albumin : 56.8-76.9% a-1 Globulins : 1.1-6.6% a-2 Globulins : 3.0-12.6% b- Globulins : 7.3-17.9% γ – Globulins : 3.0-11.0% Comment: The primary reason to perform electrophoresis is to detect oligoclonal bands, which are most often associated with multiple sclerosis. CSF protein electrophoresis… Read More: (Protein Electrophoresis (CSF »
Normal range: 1.8-3.9 mg/L Comment: This Vitamin K-dependent protein is an important inhibitor of inappropriate thrombin formation. Deficiency, either congenital or acquired, predisposes to arterial or venous thrombosis, particularly in high-risk clinical situations such as pregnancy or following major surgery. Skin necrosis may occur following the first few days of Warfarin therapy in protein C… Read More: Protein C, functional »
Comment: To detect presence of pathogenic microorganism in prostatic fluid Sample: prostatic fluid
Normal range: TPSA: up to 4.0 ng/mL Comment: Prostatic specific antigen, human kallikrein-3 (hK3), is a seine protease that is produced almost exclusively by epithelial cells of prostatic tissue. It is present at high concentrations in seminal fluid and functions in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum. Preoperative PSA serum levels correlate (but imperfectly) with extent… Read More: Prosdtate Specific Antigen, Total »
Normal range: FPSA: 0.05-0.25 ng/mL Comment: The free PSA: total PSA ratio is a useful screening test for identifying men with equivocal laboratory or physical findings who may benefit from prostate biopsy. This group includes those with mildly elevated total PSA (4-10 ng/mL) or those with enlarged prostate volumes detected by ultrasound. A high risk… Read More: Prosdtate Specific Antigen, Free »
:Normal range Blood, umol/L* Newborn: 70-330 Infants: 70-270 Children: 70-300 Adults: 70-300 Urine, umol/L* Infants: <22 Children: <38 Adults: 0 Comment: Look amino acid in plasma & urine Sample: 24 hr urine, spot urine, plasma, (lithium heparin) separate immediately
Normal range: M: up to 23 ng/mL; F : up to 27 ng/mL Comment: The most usual cause of a raised prolactin level is a pituitary (micro-) adenoma (apart from pregnancy, lactation, hypothyroidism and phenothiazine drugs). Infertility or impotence in the male may be caused by hyperprolactinemia (Sample: Serum, (½ hr, rest before blood collection