:Vertical lines of the esophageal mucosa This entity is mostly recognized in pediatric age group and adolescents and less in adult. It is due to fibrosis of the submucosa with secondary tethered lined in the mucosa. Esophageal mucosa show infiltration by esinophils. It is considered part of allergic esophagitis :Refractory sprue This case although is… Read More »
Minimal Symptomatic Celiac Sprue (low grade enteropathy): This is a sub-entity of celiac disease where the villous architecture is normal and no crypt hyperplasia. The only abnormality noted in these patient is increased lymphocytes in certain areas of the villi, with increased CD 4 expression (by immunohistochemistry). Treatment of this entity with Gluten free diet… Read More »
Introduction: A glycoprotein present in the surface membrane. This protein is important in the differential diagnosis of small blue cell tumors (large cell lymphoma, Neuroblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET). Since the treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma, Extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor depends very much in accurate diagnosis :Clinical use This… Read More »
P16 has emerged as a valuable surrogate marker for high-risk human papillomavirus infection and shows increased immunoexpression with worsening grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia The p16 gene product normally acts to inhibit progression through the cell cycle by binding to cyclin dependent kinase, thereby preventing the phosphorylation and subsequent inactivation of oncogene supressors. Several studies… Read More »
Virus structure and pathophysiology: autonomously replicating single stranded non-enveloped DNA which replicates when cell in S-phase. It has two components: viral capsid protein (VP) and non-structural protein (NS). VP antigen on the virus is important for interaction with host cells. The virus infects the progenitor red cells, megakaryoblast, endothelial cells and a few organs like… Read More »
Introduction: in quite afew cases, Z.N stain is positive for acid fast bacilli, while PCR for T.B is negative. The reason for this is probably that the Mycobacteria present is not of Tuberculosis species. In addition, the treatment of different Mycobacteria species requires accurate identification of the species :Procedure and Method Now by PCR… Read More »
We introduced in our �Neurology Test Center� a panel to include most cases of peripheral neuropathies due to autoantibodies. The following summary includes the most common peripheral neuropathies diseases that we examine in our lab Anti-GM1 antibody causes conduction block, mild axonal degeneration and IgM deposits at nodes of Ranvier IgM Anti GM1: associated… Read More »
PlGF is a protein that is produced mainly by the trophoblasts in placental tissue. This protein is considered an angiogenic factor (it causes increase blood vessels formation), as opposed to anti-angiogenic factors (fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) that are increased also in pregnancy. The balance of both factors is the one that determines whether the patient… Read More »
By FISH techniques A new service for IVF centers The Cytogenetic Department in the First Medical Laboratory, has introduced FISH technique for PGD cases recently :PGD is important for some cases handled in IVF centers for two main reasons -1 Screen for common chromosomal aberrations – Down’s syndrome “Trisomy 21”; Patau syndrome “Trisomy 13”… Read More »
Not uncommonly we encounter cases of prostate biopsy where we see small focus of glands that we can not call benign and at the same time we can not be sure that it is malignant. We the new advances in Immunohistochemistry , now we can examine the basal layer in the prostate glands. This basal… Read More »