:Normal range Total alkaline phosphatase: up to 290 u/l Liver fraction: up to160 u/l Bone fraction: up to 150 Intestine fraction: up to 5 u/l Comment: Alkaline phosphatase is released into the circulation from a variety of tissue primarily liver, bone, intestine and placenta. Each has varying properties of heat stability -1 Bone isoenzymes is… Read More »
:Normal range (Adult: 100-290 u/l (1.67-4.84 mkat/L (Child : 180-1200 u/l (3.0-20.04 mkat/L Comment: Increasedduring bone metabolism: puberty, healing of afracture, primary and secondary hyperparathyrodisim, osteomalacia and juvenile rickets. Also increased primarily in liver and bone disease and metastatic carcinoma in bone. It is also released from the intestines and placenta. For more specific differentiation,… Read More »
:Normal range Erect : 111-860 Pmol/L Supine : 28-444 Pmol/L Comment: Useful the in investigation of patients with suspected primary Conn’s syndrome and secondary hyper- or hypo- aldosteronism Without hypertension: decreased in Addison’s disease, isolated aldosterone deficiency, syndrome of hypo-aldosteronism due to renin deficiency. With hypertension: decreased with excess secretion of deoxycorticosterone, coticosterone, Tirne’s syndrome… Read More »
(Normal range: 2-8 U/L (33-133 nkat/L Comment: Of diagnostic use in muscular dystrophy and other muscular disorders. Increased levels are found in liver disease, polymyositis, gangrene trauma, hemolysis, and in malignancies, and after myocardial infarction. Decreased in hereditary fructose intolerance Sample: Serum
Normal range: Negative Comment: Used in the quantitation of alcohol level for medical or legal purposes, to test unconscious patients, and to diagnose alcohol intoxication and for the determination of appropriate therapy Alcohol intoxication maybe possible cause of coma and also may mimic diabetic coma, cerebral trauma, and drug overdose. Ethanol is absorbed rapidly from… Read More »
Normal range: Negative Comment:Increased in renal proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, diabetic, SLE, cystic kidney, malignancy, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, sickle cell disease, renal transplant rejection, multiple myeloma, degenerative and irritative conditions of the lower urinary tract, heavy metal poisoning, strenuous exercise, pyrexia, exposure to cold, congestive heart failure, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, pregnancy and postural proteinuria Positive results from reagent strips… Read More »
Normal range: 3.5-5.2 g/dl 35-50 g/L Comment:Increasedin dehydration, lipemia, non-fasting samples, or ampicillin therapy. Low levels may be due to chronic liver disease (decreased synthesis), nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy, rheumatic disease, protein- losing enteropathy or extensive burns. Malabsorption or malnutrition may also cause hypo-albuminaemia Sample: Serum
Normal range: 1.1-2.2 ratio Comment: Ratio indicates whether the levels of albumin or globulin exceed each other Sample: Serum
:Normal range (M: up to 40 IU/L(up to 0.67 mkat/L (F: up to 31 IU/L (up to 0.52 mkat/L Comment: This is the main enzyme in liver function test. It is present in liver paranchyma and is thus elevated in hepatocellular damage – primarily from toxic necrosis – viral hepatitis and circulatory failure. Moderate increase… Read More »
:Normal range Blood, umol/L* Newborn: 235-700 Infants: 100-619 Children: 150-600 Adults: 200-600 Urine, umol/L* Infants: < 183 Children: 43-367 Adults: 200-1040 Comment: Look amino acid Sample:Urine,spot urine, plasma,(lithium heparin) separate immediately