Author Archives: د.حسام أبو فرسخ

Urea, 24 hr urine

Used as renal function test. Increased levels are associated with high dietary protein, hyperthyroidism and post-surgery. Low levels are found in pregnancy, low dietary protein, liver disease, toxemia and renal damage

Sample: 24 hr urine

(Tyrosine (Quantitative

:Normal range

Blood, umol/L*

Newborn: 40-220

Infants: 40-150

Children: 40-100

Adults: 40-100

Urine, umol/L*

Infants: <87

Children: <132

Adults: 41-281

Comment: Look amino acid in plasma & urine

Sample: 24hr urine, spot urine, plasma, (lithium heparin) separate immediately

TSH receptor autoantibodies

Normal range: Negative: < 10.0, Grayzone: 10.0-15.0; Positive: > 15.0

Comment: This assay may provide support in the different diagnosis between Graves disease and toxic nodular goiter, and may also be used to monitor the role of antithyroid drugs. Despite the importance of the thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) in the pathogenesis of Graves disease, the test is not often used in the clinical management of patients. TRAb is probably most helpful in patients with infiltrative ophthalmopathy or dermopathy without overt hyperthyroidism. In such situations, correct diagnosis requires correlation of physical findings, imaging studies, and laboratory tests

Sample: Serum

(TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Normal range: Adult: 0.32-5.0 µIU/mL; Children: 0.32-15 µIU/mL

Comment: Produced by the anterior pituitary gland, thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) stimulates secretion of T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (Triiodothyro- hormone (TSH) secretion is physiologically regulated by T4, and T3, (feedback inhibition) and is stimulated by TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus. TSH assay was originally used to diagnosis or confirm primary hypothyroidism. TSH measurement is also used to distinguish primary form secondary hypothyroidism. Thyroid tests are interpreted in clinical context, including history, physical examination, additionally with free T4 and free T3 concentrations and other tests as needed

Sample: serum

(Troponin T (Quantitative

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Increaed in MI, skeletal

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muscle injury and in renal failure

Sample: Lithium heparin

Triiodothyronine, FreeT3

:Normal range

19yrs: 4-10 pmol/L>

19yrs: 4-9 pmol/L<

Comment: Raised in hyperthyroidism, often before the thyroxine level is elevated. Lowered in hypothyrodism and in chronic illness. Of value when the concentration of The challenge of both car driving academy games is to score higher than other people within the given time. thyroxine binding globulin is raised as in pregnancy, or when taking contraceptive pills or other ostrogen. FT3 is about 0.2-0.5% of total T3

Sample: Serum

Triiodothyronine Total T3

Normal range: 0.8-2.7 nmol/L

Comment: High levels of both T3 and T4 are found in hyperthyroidism and low levels in primary or secondary hypothyroidism. T3 maybe elevated in the presence of a normal T4 in so-called T3-toxicosis

Sample: Serum