Normal range: Adult: 0.65-1.86 ng/dL
Comment: Free T4 is usually low in hypothyrodism. Of particular value in determining thyroid status in patients with an abnormal TBG level, e.g. pregnancy, oestrogen or androgen therapy, on the contraceptive pill or a congenitally abnormal TBG level
Sample: Serum
Normal range: Up to 21 mg/L
Comment: Increased: thyroid tumors (papillary and follicular, not in medullary carcinoma); increased to a less degree in inflammatory thyroid condition. Useful for follow up management of thyroid carcinoma
Sample: Serum
Normal range: < 22seconds
Comment: Used in last step of coagulation cascade: conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. Used for diagnosis of dysfibrinogemia prolonged
Sample: Citrated plasma
:Normal range
Blood, umol/L*
Newborn: 75-220
Infants: 50-220
Children: 75-200
Adults: 100-250
Urine, umol/L*
Infants: < 73
Children: < 145
Adults: 110-840
Comment: Look amino acid in plasma & urine
Sample: 24hr urine, spot urine, plasma, (lithium heparin) separate immediately
Normal range: Therapeutic range: 55.5-111 mmol/L; Neonatal apnea: 33.3-72.15 mmol/L
Comment:Theophylline is used as bronchodialator of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, neonatal apnea. There is a wide variation in the rate of metabolic breakdown between different patients, so the dose has to be adjusted for every individual by monitoring its level serially. Theophylline is affected by other drugs: Increased levels with erythromycin, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, propranolol, amiodarone, and inflenza virus vaccine. Also, cardiac decompensation, cirrhosis, and Cor pulmonale. Decreased level with phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin, smoking and carbamazepine
Sample: serum
Comment:Monitor the adequacy of drug dosage levels in management of immunosuppression for organ transplant recipients. The agent is used extensively to suppress rejection of autologous qorgan grafts
(Sample: Trough level, EDTA (whole blood
See Fat in stool, Sudan III
Normal range: Newborns : 5.0-7; Bottle-fed infants: neutral or slightly acidic
Comment: High in increased protein breakdown, secretory diarrhea without food intake, colitis, & villous adenoma. Low in intestinal lactase deficiency, high lactose intake, decreased absorption of carbohydrates, & decreased fat absorption
Sample: Stool
Comment:Inspection of faeces may yield important diagnostic information in dysentery, parasitic infections,
gastrointestinal disorders
Sample: Stool
Comment: Semiquantitative analysis for commonly found constituents, including calcium, oxalate, phosphate, urate, cystine etc. knowledge of the chemical composition of the calculus assists identification of disorders responsible for calculus formation
Sample: stone