Normal range: Up to 20 mg /24 hrs
Comment: Diabetic patients are prone to insidious renal damage. Sensitive methods for the measurement of urinary albumin can detect small amounts of protein which are not picked up by dipstick tests, thus permitting treatment prior to the development of over nephropathy
Sample: 24 hr urine
Normal range: Minimal inhibitory concentration reported in mg/mL of anti microbial agent. Results maybe qualitatively reported as susceptible (S), intermediate (I), and resistant (R) if interpretive standards are available
Comment: Determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a given organism to an anti microbial
agent
Sample: A pure culture of the isolated organism to be tested, prepared by the laboratory
Normal range: Blood, umol/L : Newborn: 10-67; Infants: 10-40; Children: 10-50; Adults: 10-40
Urine, umol/L : Infants: 0-34; Children: 0-40; Adults: 0-152*
Comment: Look amino acid in plasma & urine
Sample: 24 hr urine, spot urine, plasma, (lithium heparin) separate immediately
:Normal range
Urine 24hrs: up to 1.0 mg/24hr*
Plasma: £ 0.3 nmol/L*
Comment: Measurement of metanephrines in urine or plasma is one of the most effective biochemical approaches to the diagnosis of a catecholamine – secreting neoplasm. Chemical testing is indicated for postoperative follow up
Sample: 24 hr urine, heparin or EDTA plasma
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Serologic study can be useful in establishing that an individual has immunity subsequent to vaccination. In many individuals detectable immunity does not persist. In acute illness, hemagglutinating and neutralizing antibody peak 2 weeks after the rash appears. It is necessary to demonstrate rising titters over 2 weeks after the rash appears. It is necessary to demonstrate rising titers over 2 weeks, or identify IgM antibody to establish diagnosis. Very high serum titers in the absence of acute illness, or high CSF titer, are seen in sub acute sclerosing panencephalitis. Protective antibody levels of antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella have been assessed by oral fluid sapling. The presence of measles – specific IgG I single serum specimen indicates past or present infection or past vaccination
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Diagnosis malaria, parasitic infestation of blood; evaluate febrile disease of unknown origin
Sample: EDTA, whole blood
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Malaria is a protozoan parasitic infection caused in humans by for members of the species plasmodium: P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae,and P. ovale the disease is endemic in subtropical / tropical areas of the world corresponding to the distribution of the mosquito insect vector, members of the genus Anopheles, in which the sexual phase of the life cycle transpires
Sample: Malaria Ab: serum; Malaria Ag: EDTA, whole blood
Normal range: 1.6-2.6 mg/dL
Comment: Low levels in severe prolonged diarrhea; also occasionally in hypoparathyrodism, primary aldosteronism, acute alcoholic intoxication and with cytotoxic therapy. High levels are found in renal failure and associated with high potassium
Sample: Serum
Normal range: 15-78 mg/24hrs
Comment:Urinary collection is valuable to detected magnesium deficiency due to gastrointestinal causes (e.g., gut failure or Crohn disease). Replacement of Mg in patients with gut failure should be directed at normalization of urinary Mg. The propensity to form calcium oxalate kidney stones is related to urine concentrations of oxalate and calcium, and inversely to those of citrate and Mg
Sample: 24 hr urine
Normal range: Negative
Comment:Used for the detection of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in renal transplant recipients. Also used in the investigation of transfusion reactions
Sample: Recipient’s serum + donor’s heparinized blood