Author Archives: د.حسام أبو فرسخ

Comment: For demyelinating disease in peripheral neuropathy

Sample: Tissue sections (Paraffin blocks) & Cytology

Normal range: Negative for LE Cells

Comment: Specifically used for the diagnosis of lupus erythematous. One negative result does not rule out the possibility of LE. Usually performed parallel with ANA

Sample: Whole blood

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Indicated for recurrent venous or arterial thrombotic episodes, recurrent abortions, auto-immune vasculitis conditions including SLE. The presence of LA may also be a cause of an otherwise unexplained prolonged APTT. Equivocal and weak positive results should be re-tested in a month together with the Anti cardiolipin antibody. This test is part of the Thrombotic Risk Profile

Sample: Fresh citrated plasma, patient should be not under heparin

Normal range: Negative

Comment: In auto-immune hepatitis. See Anti Liver- Kidney Microsomal

Sample: Serum

Normal range: 0.6-1.2 mmol/L

Comment: Lithium levels are measured for control of therapeutic dosage of lithium carbonate

Sample: Serum, before dose

:Normal range

α                  : 28-40%

Pre β            : 12-21%

β                   : 45-56%

Chylomicrons: 0-2%

Comment: Fredrickson classification is based on lipid values and electrophoreis. The major use is to detect the presence of chylomicrons or a broad beta band Freddrickson type III

Sample: Serum, fasting, 14 hrs

Normal range: 28-40%

Comment: Lp (a) is structurally similar to LDL but is under separate metabolic control. It blocks plasminogen receptor sites, causing an increase in atherogenic risk when levels are increased. Levels show no correlation with currently measured lipid parameters and therefore Lp (a) is an independent and additional risk factor to these. Elevated Lp (a) levels are thought to be a cause of many cases of myocardial infarction in young people with otherwise normal lipids

Sample: Serum, fasting 14 hrs

Normal range: Up to 190 U/L

Comment: Increased in acute pancreatitis. May also be raised in some   cases of pancreatic carcinoma, chronic biliary disease and in chronic renal failure

Sample: Serum

:Normal range

M                : 1.1-7.0 mIU/mL

Follicular     : 1.5-8.0 mIU/mL

Luteal         : 0.2-0.6 mIU/mL

Mid. cycle   : 9.6-80 mIU/mL

Comment: Markedly raised values maybe found in primary found in primary gonadal failure. A useful test in evaluating infertility in men and women in conjunction with FSH estimation

(Sample: Serum, (state, sex, age & phase

Normal range: 20-180 scores

Comment: In humans, Alkaline phosphatase activity is restricted to mature and band-form granulocytes. Marked increased in peripheral blood leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is observed in multiple myeloma, Hodgkin’s disease, polycythemia vera and infectious leukocytosis

Low or abssence of activity is seen in chronic myelocytic leukemia, hereditary hypophosphatasia and paroxymal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

Sample: Fresh Heparinized Blood