Author Archives: د.حسام أبو فرسخ

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Used mainly for the detection of HCV viremia prior to immunological sero-conversion, and to monitor fluctuation of viremia in antibody positive chronic HCV patients undergoing therapy with interferon

Sample: serum

Comment: At present, 6 HCV genotypes and 50 subtypes have been described for this RNA virus. Genotypes 1, 2, and 3 are found worldwide. Genotype 4 is principally in Egypt and Zaire, genotype 5 in South Africa, and genotype 6 in Asia. Variations in the six major types are designated with letters a, b, c, etc

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Detection of

antibody specific for hepatitis C virus in serum

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: HCV is a single stranded RNA virus. infections are found in injection drug users, person in younger age groups. HCV is rarely transmitted by sexual contact, the risk of transmission from mother to infant is < 5%. The risk of acquisition from a random needle stick in hospital workers is about 0.1%. When the needle has been used in HCV – positive individual, the risk increases to 5% or 10%. Other no post exposure prophylaxis presently available. ALT concentrations characteristically fluctuate widely in patient with chronic hepatitis C, and are usually normal in about a third. Correlation between the severity of hepatitis and serum ALT concentrations has been inconsistent. Death in patients with hepatitis C includes those with end – stage liver disease

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative < 250 copies of DNA virus /mL

Comment: Aid in the diagnosis of HBV versus the other hepatitis; help to establish the stage of disease. HBV DNA is the most sensitive marker for ongoing infection. Its quantification may provide prognostic relevance. It has been used as a measure of response to interferon – alpha – 2b therapy

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive technique to assess serum HBV viremia

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Indicates current infection (acute or chronic) or carrier state; detectable between one and six months; useful in screening for hepatitis

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: indicates past infection with immunity to HBV or immune response from HBV vaccine

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: HBeAg appears in acute HBV. Indicates infectivity; Persistence associated with chronic liver disease

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment:HbeAb, appears in patients who were previously HBeAg positive, indicates reduced infectivity., persist for years, usually declines earlier than HbsAb and HbcAb; useful in differential diagnosis, staging and prognosis of HBV infection

Sample: Serum