Normal range: Negative
Comment: Islet cell antibodies have been associated with autoimmune endocrine disorders and insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). This disorder is characterized by the presence of antibodies in patients that maybe detected years before the onset of the clinical symptoms
Sample: Serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: In classical pernicious anemia with complete gastric atrophy, autoantibodies to parietal cells and to intrinsic factor maybe identified. Testing for parietal cell antibody is occasionally used in the differential diagnosis of pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, and autoimmune gastritis
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Insulin antibodies are secreted in almost all diabetics treated with exogenous insulin. The most common antibody is IgG, but others have
been reported. High levels of anti-insulin antibodies are seen in insulin resistance, pre-Type I diabetes and polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Antibodies to histones are detected in approximately 30% to 60% of patients with SLE, but their presence in about 95% of patients with drug-induced SLE is diagnostically more important. Also, anti-histone antibodies occur in approximately 20% of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue disease
Sample: Serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: This antibody is pathognomonic for ulcerative colitis (IgA: in 28% of cases, IgG in 69%) of the cases
Sample: Serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: This antibody is associated with Goodpasture’s syndrome. It is a rapidly progressive autoimmune disease associated with pulmonary hemorrhagic and glomerulonephritis. The antibody has high sensitivity (>90%) and specifity for Goodpasture’s syndrome. Serum GBM antibody assays are considered faster and more reliable than traditional immunofluorescent studies on renal biopsies and have the added advantage of allowing response monitoring during plasmapheresis and Cytotoxic therapy. This test is often used in conjunction with the antineutrophil Cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) test for Wegener granulomatosis and vasculitis
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Gliadin antibodies (GA) antibodies against a group of proteins found in the gluten of wheat and rye grains. IgA are useful in screening patients at risk for IgA celiac disease and other gluten – sensitive enteropathies such as dermatitis herpetiforms, and also in monitoring patient compliance to gluten – free diet. For celiac disease IgG antibodies are more sensitive than IgA antibodies, but less specific. IgA and IgG antibodies rise significantly during gluten challenge, some times several months before clinical relapse
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) is very important test for the detection of type I diabetes mellitus or laten autoimmune diabetes in adult (i.e. slow or laten type I diabetes). Its detection in patients developing diabetes is very important as it is the “most important factor for prediction of insulin therapy within 3 years in young adult diabetic patients not classified as type I diabetes on clinical ground”. Anti-GAD are associated with 70% in Type I diabetes patient and in 60% of “slow or laten type I diabetes”. It can be present with anti-insulin antibodies and / or anti-insulin antibodies. It can be the only
antibody present in “slow onset diabetes type I “and can be the only predictor that these patient are going to be insulin dependent in the future. Performing anti- GAD in all diabetic patients is very important predictor to those that may require insulin therapy in the future. Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD)
is very important test for the detection of type I diabetes mellitus or laten autoimmune diabetes in adult i.e. slow or laten type I diabetes
Sample: Serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Auto-antibodies against exocrine pancreases: is very specific marker for Crohn’s disease 39% of the cases, while is 0 % in ulcerative colitis and 0% in healthy controls
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Infection with Entamoeba histolytica is found worldwide, but is much more common in tropical regions. Humans are the primary reservoir and infection occurs by ingestion of cysts from contaminated food or water. Infraction with E. histolytica can result in three different presentations. Patients maybe asymptomatic, they may have symptomatic invasive intestinal disease, or they may have extra intestinal disease (e.g. liver abscess). A positive serologic test is more likely to occur in patients with invasive amebiosis than in asymptomatic individuals
Sample: Serum