Author Archives: د.حسام أبو فرسخ

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Sjogren’s syndrome related entities

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Autoimmune APCA are found in 80% of adults with autoimmune pernicious anemia and to a lesser extent in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, myxedema, thyrotoxicosis, iron deficiency anemia, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus , gastric ulcer and cancer. The test is useful in the differential diagnosis of precious anemia. There is cross positivity of parietal cell and thyroid antibodies in patients with thyroditis and pernicious anemia. With time, the titer of parietal cell antibodies will decline in some patients with pernicious anemia (possibly related to loss of parietal cells) whereas intrinsic factor antibodies persist

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Anti-Ovarian Antibodies (AOA) have been reported in women with premature ovarian failure and unexplained infertility. In patients with type 1 polyglandular endocrine syndrome, the presence of ovarian antibodies is correlatewd with ovarian failure. The frequency of anti ovarian antibodies among women with premature ovarian failure varies between 35% and 69%. In additional, ovarian antibodies are non-specific and may also be present in Addison’s disease and various menstrual disorders

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: This autoimmune antibody creates a strongly positive reaction in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Less positive reactions are found in other collagen vascular diseases, e.g. scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis and systemic sclerosis. However, weakly positive reactions (e.g. 1/40) are not uncommon and are usually of little clinical significance. Imunofluorescence patterns correlate with type of disease

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Auto-antibodies against neurological organs are associated with different neoplasms. Their recognition is essential in their diagnosis

:Anti-Hu, Anti-Ri, Anti-Yo

Para-neoplastic syndrome: Neurological disorders secondary to malignancy can manifest in patients long time before their malignancy is discovered. Patients can manifest with Cerebellar ataxia, encephalomyelitis, myoclonus, or sensory neuropathy. Detection of neuronal antibody: Anti-Yo (antibody against Cerebellar Purkinje cells), Anti-Hu, Anti-Ri (against neuron nuclei) are strongly associated with this syndrome

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Tests for mitochondrial antibody are recommended in differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease and to provide confirmatory evidence for a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis

AMA is rarely found in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, drug induced hepatitis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic and other forms of cirrhosis. Level of antibody does not correlate with severity or duration of disease

Sample: Serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Anti- mitochondrial antibody of the M2 type is strongly associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Both chronic acute hepatitis (CAH) and PBC have many overlapping immunologic features and may represent a continuum of a single disease entity

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: One of the major immunologic tests for autoimmune liver disease, especially in children. Others include smooth muscle antibody

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Used in Epidermitis

Sample: Serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Antibodies to the autoantigen Jo-1 are found in a subgroup of patients having connective tissue disease with pure polymyositis, pure dermatomyositis, or Myositis associated with another rheumatic disease. Antibodies to Jo-1 are strongly associated with interstitial lung disease, with nearly all Jo-1 positive patients showing evidence of lung involvement

Sample: serum