Author Archives: د.حسام أبو فرسخ

Normal range: Adult           : 250-410 mg/dL; Infant        : 100-400 mg/dL

Comment: Increased in liver damage, hemolytic anemias, hemochromatosis and in iron deficiency. Reduced in acute and chronic infections, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, hemorrhage, hypothyroidism, thalassemias, and uremia

Sample: serum

:Comment

:Normal range

IgG1: 65 %, IgG2: 25 %, IgG3: 6%, IgG4: 4%

(IgG Subclass levels (mg/dL

Comment: Approximately 80% of total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) in adults is IgG, which is divided into four subclasses on the basis of structural differences in the hinge region. IgG1 and IgG3 are closely related, as are IgG2 and IgG4. impaired synthesis or abnormal loss may cause deficiencies of one or more immunoglobulin subclasses. Selective IgG subclass deficiencies can occur in spite of a normal total IgG level. Study of patients with recurrent bacterial

infections. Selective deficiencies maybe found among the subclasses in some individuals who suffer repeated infections, especially IgG1

Sample: serum

:Normal range

M: 0.42-3.5 ng/mL

F: *Follicular phase: 0.20-2.6 ng/mL

Luteal phase: 0.28-4.0 ng/mL*

Oral contraceptives: 0.09-1.7 ng/mL*

:Post-menopausal*

o        No hormone therapy: 0.11-1.2 ng/mL

o        With hormone therapy: 0.08-0.93 ng/mL

Comment: Used in the investigation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Increased in C-21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency, some cases of ovarian or adrenal neoplasms, and in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Decreased in Addison’s disease. Low levels of 17-hydroxyprogesteron lead to a decline in the levels of estrogens and androgens

Sample: Serum, early morning specimen (8-10 a.m.) preferred

:Normal range

Inhibin A

 pg/mL 5.46-28.16      : Early follicular phase 0-4 day of LMP

 pg/mL 7.87-34.54      : Mid follicular phase 5-10 day of LMP

 pg/mL 19.49-102.28  : Late follicular 11-13 day of LMP

pg/mL 49.92-155.48  : Day of ovulation 14 day of cycle

 pg/mL 35.93-132.68  : Early luteal phase 15-17 day of LMP

 pg/mL 13.15-159.55  : Mid luteal phase 18-25 day of LMP

 pg/mL 7.28-89.95      : Late luteal phase 26-28 day of LMP

 pg/mL 354.2-1690.0  : IVF – Peak levels

 pg/mL 5.65-15.99      : PCOS – Ovulatory

pg/mL < 1-3.88        : Post menopausal

Inhibin B

Normal range: 22-418 pg/mL

Comment: Inhibin is the major gonadal inhibitory peptide regulating secretion of FSH in both sexes. It is synthesized in the placenta and plateaus during weeks 14-30. The a subunit combines with a b subunit to form Inhibin A (Ab) or Inhibin B (Bb). This test is used with other studies for prediction of Down’s syndrome. Studies discussed as second trimester tests include AFP, hCG, and Inhibin A with or without unconjucated estriol uE3

Sample: serum

:Normal range

Comment: Use in Growth hormone deficiency, originally proposed as a convenient (because of long half – life) marker of GH activity in the diagnosis of GH deficiency, the clinical accuracy is some what less than ideal

Sample: 2 ml serum, fasting & freeze immediately

Normal range: 60-160 mg/dL

Comment: IgE levels maybe raised in atopic allergies. RAST and MAST allergy tests are unlikely to be positive if total IgE is less than 30 IU/l in adults

Sample: serum

Normal range: 1.08-1.31 mmol/L

Comment: Ionized calcium reflects the physiological active function of total calcium. Increased in primary hyperparathyrodism, excess intake of vitamin D ectopic PTH-producing tumors. Elevation maybe seen even when total Ca is normal.Decreased in hypoparathyrodism, vitamin D deficiency and magnesium deficiency

Sample: Heparin, vacationer, send immediately

Normal range: 0.54-5.54 ng/mL

Comment: Somatomedin-C is a co-factor for growth hormone and can therefore be used in the investigation of patients with growth problems

Sample: 2 ml serum, fasting & freeze immediately

Normal range: Up to 165 pmol/L

Comment: For diagnosis of the cause of hypoglycaemia. The test should be done in conjunction with a glucose determination in the fasting state

Sample: serum