Normal range: Negative
Comment: Used in the diagnosis of disease caused by Chlamydia. The Chlamydia trachomatis direct test uses fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to detect elementary bodies in clinical smears. This test detects only Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein; the test dose not distinguish between living and dead organisms. Therefore, the test does not necessarily serve as a test -of- cure
Sample: Urine, Pap smear, Prostate, urethral discharge
Normal range: Negative
Comment: IgM- Ab indicates acute infection
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Chlamydia trachomatis causes a venereal disease that presents with enlarged and painful inguinal glands, cervicitis, or urethritis in the male. IgG antibodies indicate previous exposure, although a rising titer is diagnostic of current infection
Sample: serum
Normal range: Negative
Comment: IgM- Ab indicates acute infection
Sample: serum
Normal range: Normal intervals for CD4 and CD8 vary with age
Cell count x 109/L
Age CD4 CD8
Neonate 1.5-2.4 1.2-2.0
Infant 1.7-2.8 0.8-1.2
yrs 1-6 1.0-1.8 0.8-1.5
yrs 7-17 0.7-1.1 0.6-0.9
Adult 0.5-1.4 0.2-0.7
Comment: The CD4 antigen is the receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The absolute CD4 count is a criterion for categorizing HIV- related clinical conditions
Sample: EDTA whole blood
Normal range: Negative
Comment: Chlamydia pneumonia is a common cause of community acquired pneumonia, causing 5% to 10% of cases. Chlamydia pneumonia also causes infantile pneumonia, bronchitis, and pharyngitis. Recent repots have associated C. pneumonia with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease using seroepidemiologic studies. However, other reports have not been able to reproduce these results and found that in large studies there was no relationship between infection with C. pneumonia and heart disease. Further study is required to definitely confirm that any association exists between infection with C. pneumonia and coronary heat disease. IgG antibodies indicate previous exposure, although a rising titer is diagnostic of current infection
Sample: serum
%Normal range: 20-125
Comment: Ceruloplasmin, a liver product, is the copper containing protein of plasma. About 70%to 90% of copper in plasma is bound to this protein. It is decreased in Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration), menkes syndrome, and nutritional deficiency. It is an acute phase reactant and as such is increased in infections, malignancy, in pregnancy with estrogens, and in trauma. Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive abnormality of copper metabolism. Diagnosis of WD can sometimes be made on the basis of hypoceruloplasminemia, hypocupremia, and hypercupruria, with abnormalities in liver-related tests. Liver biopsy is often necessary for diagnosis of WD
Sample: serum
Normal range: > 25.0 CH-50 Units
Comment: Total hemolytic complement (CH50) is the best functional assay of the complete sequence. CH50 is often decreased in SLE, glomerulonephritis, and other immune complex disease. Falling complement levels are associated with increased disease activity. Decreased to undetectable activity may result from an inherited deficiency of one or more complement components
Sample: serum
For detection of Rheumatoid arthritis, very high sensitivity and specificity. It is replacing RF factor for diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis
Sample : serum
:Normal range
Urine: 10-270 mg/24 hrs
:Plasma
(Norepinephrine:(Supine:70-750 pg/mL, Standing: 200-1700 pg/mL-
(Epinephrine:(Supine: undetectable-110 pg/mL, Standing: undetectable-140 pg/mL-
(dopamine: <30 pg/mL
(does not vary with posture-
Comment: Increased levels are found in phaeochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma. Decreased in Autonomic neuropathy including diabetes parkinsonism. Patient’s preparation:
if possible, patient should discontinue all drugs at least 1 week before testing. Exercise, stress, smoking, and pain induce physiologic increase of Catecholamine
Sample: 24 hr urine, plasma EDTA