Author Archives: د.حسام أبو فرسخ

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Antibodies against Yo (PCA-1) particularly indicate breast and ovarian carcinomas. They are also associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome PNS

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: This assay may provide support in the differential diagnosis between Grave’s disease and toxic nodular goiter, and may also be used to monitor the role of anti thyroid drugs. Despite the importance of the thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAB) in the pathogenesis of Grave’s disease, the test is not often used in the clinical management of patients. TRAB is probably most helpful in patients with infiltrative ophthalmopathy or dermopathy without overt hyperthyroidism. In such situations, correct diagnosis

requires correlation of physical findings, imaging studies, and laboratory tests

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative < 35 IU/mL

Comment: Thyroperoxidase (TPO) is the major antigen in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in thyroid disease. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis maybe sub clinical or may present with hypothyroidism and / or goiter. Thyroid antibodies include thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase (Microsomal) antibodies. Measurement of TPO –Ab is more sensitive test for diagnosis of autoimmune thyroditis. About 60% of patients with diffuse goiter, hypothyroidism, or both have antithyroglobulin antibodies, while about 95% have TPO-Ab. The highest incidence of chronic autoimmune thyroditis correlates with countries in which iodine intake is greatest e.g., U.S

Sample: Serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Hashimoto’s thyroditis. Frequency of positive results in thyroid autoimmune disease is higher than in the thyroglobulin antibodies test, especially in people less than 20 yrs of age

Sample: Serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Frequently done in combination with Thyroid Microsomal antibodies. Positive in some cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, some cases of Graves’ disease and at lower titers in some other thyroid diseases, also it is positive in thyroid carcinoma, idiopathic myxedema and pernicious anemia

Sample: serum

Normal range: 80-120 % of Normal Plasma Activity

Comment: Decreased levels found in congenital anti thrombin III deficiency, liver disease and disseminated intra vascular coagulation (DIC). Patients with values below 0.6 IU/ml are especially at risk of thrombosis. Deficiency can also result in resistance to heparin therapy, necessitating higher doses of the latter. Levels are increased by oral anticoagulants but reduced by heparin. Ideally anticoagulants should be discontinued 14 days prior to sampling

Sample: Citrate plasma, fresh, delivery immediately

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Infertility in males

Sample: serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: Used in the serologic assessment of certain muscular diseases. Titers with values 1:80 are suggestive of myasthenia; striated muscle antibody can also be found in rheumatic fever, myocardial infraction, and a variety of post-cardiotomy states

Sample: serum

Normal range: Titer < 200 IU/M

Comment: A high or rising titer is indicative of streptococcal infection. This is especially useful diagnosis and follow- up of rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis

Sample: Serum

Normal range: Negative

Comment: See Anti SS-A Ro

Sample: Serum